Cell Damage May Be Caused by Exogenous Sources Such as

If there are two or more different types of mitochondrial DNA molecules within a cell by chance any one type of molecule may replicate more frequently than another type resulting in a change in the level of heteroplasmy within the cell intracellular drift. Some researchers shed light on gene mutationcaused progeroid syndromes such as Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome HGPS Werner syndrome RothmundThomson syndrome Cockayne syndrome ataxia-telangiectasia and Down syndrome 53.

Endogenous And Exogenous Agents Causing Dna Damage Oxidative Stress Download Scientific Diagram

The production of ROS is strongly influenced by stress factor responses in plants these factors that increase ROS production include drought salinity chilling defense of pathogens nutrient deficiency metal toxicity and UV-B radiation.

. DNA damage can be subdivided into two types. The number of organelles varies among cells depending in large part on the metabolic requirements of that. Inflammation produces nitric oxide Redox reactions.

Immune cell activation eg oxidative burst of WBCs such as macrophages and neutrophils Ischemia. Current data suggest that increased oxidative stress is a major characteristic of. ROS can be produced from different sources including the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

Both endogenous and exogenous sources can lead to the generation of free radicals. In human cells both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage resulting in tens of thousands of individual molecular lesions per cell per day. 1 endogenous damage caused by reactive oxygen species ROS that are derived from metabolic byproducts and 2 exogenous damage caused by radiation UV X-ray gamma hydrolysis plant toxins and viruses.

This may result in significant damage to cell structures. When ionizing radiation hits an atom or a molecule. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to.

Radiation exposure eg radiotherapy. DNA damage is a fact of life as a consequence of endogenous sources and processes as well as exogenous sources 1Homologous recombination HR is a DNA metabolic process found in all forms of life. DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.

The damage to cells caused by free radicals especially the damage to DNA may play a role in the development of cancer and other health conditions 1 2. Abnormally high concentrations of free radicals in the body can be caused by exposure to ionizing radiation and other environmental toxins. Cumulatively this is known as oxidative stress.

ROS are also generated by exogenous.

Exogenous Sources An Overview Sciencedirect Topics

Types Of Free Radicals Oxidants And Their Endogenous And Exogenous Download Scientific Diagram

Reactive Oxygen Species Ros Can Be Produced By 1 Exogenous Sources Download Scientific Diagram

Dna Damage Response R D Systems